Malachi

Introduction to Malachi

Yahweh’s Love for Jacob

[Mal 1:2 LSB] "I have loved you," says Yahweh. But you say, "How have You loved us?" "[Was] not Esau Jacob's brother?" declares Yahweh. "Yet I have loved Jacob;

[Mal 1:3 LSB] but I have hated Esau, and I have set his mountains [to be] a desolation and his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness."

The Priests Defile Yahweh

[Mal 1:6 LSB] "'A son honors [his] father, and a slave his master. Then if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is the fear of Me?' says Yahweh of hosts to you, O priests who despise My name. But you say, 'How have we despised Your name?'

[Mal 1:7 LSB] "[You] are presenting defiled food upon My altar. But you say, 'How have we defiled You?' In that you say, 'The table of Yahweh is to be despised.'

I Will Curse Your Blessings

[Mal 2:8 LSB] "But as for you, you have turned aside from the way; you have caused many to stumble by the instruction; you have corrupted the covenant of Levi," says Yahweh of hosts.

[Mal 2:9 LSB] "So I also have made you despised and low before all the people, just as you are not keeping My ways but are showing partiality in the instruction.

Judah Profaned the Covenant

[Mal 2:17 LSB] You have wearied Yahweh with your words. But you say, "How have we wearied [Him]?" In that you say, "Everyone who does evil is good in the sight of Yahweh, and He delights in them," or, "Where is the God of justice?"

The Messenger and the Lord

[Mal 3:1 LSB] "Behold, I am going to send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple; and the messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight, behold, He is coming," says Yahweh of hosts.

[Mar 1:2 LSB] As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: "BEHOLD, I SEND MY MESSENGER AHEAD OF YOU, WHO WILL PREPARE YOUR WAY;

[Mar 1:3 LSB] THE VOICE OF ONE CRYING IN THE WILDERNESS, 'MAKE READY THE WAY OF THE LORD, MAKE HIS PATHS STRAIGHT.'"

[Mal 3:3 LSB] "And He will sit as a smelter and purifier of silver, and He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver, so that they may present to Yahweh offerings in righteousness.

[1Pe 2:5 LSB] you also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

[1Pe 1:6-7 LSB] 

In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been grieved by various trials,

so that the proof of your faith, [being] more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.

You Have Robbed God

[Mal 3:8 LSB] "Will a man rob God? Yet you are robbing Me! But you say, 'How have we robbed You?' In tithes and contributions.

What Does the Bible Say about Christian Tithing? R. C. Sproul

Arrogant Words

The Book of Remembrance

[Mal 3:16-18 LSB] 

Then those who feared Yahweh spoke to one another, and Yahweh gave heed and heard [it], and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who fear Yahweh and who think upon His name. 

"And they will be Mine," says Yahweh of hosts, "on the day that I prepare [My] own treasured possession, and I will spare them as a man spares his own son who serves him." 

So you will return and see [the distinction] between the righteous and the wicked, between one who serves God and one who does not serve Him.

The Great Day of Yahweh

[Mal 4:5-6 LSB]

 

"Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and awesome day of Yahweh.

 

"And he will turn the hearts of the fathers to [their] children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, lest I come and strike the land, devoting it to destruction."

Zechariah

Introduction to Zechariah

The Chapters of Zechariah

1. Oracles and Visions (1:1–8:23)

    a. Introduction: return to me and I will return to you (1:1–6)

        Return to Me, Declares Yahweh

[Zec 1:3 LSB] "Therefore say to them, 'Thus says Yahweh of hosts, "Return to Me," declares Yahweh of hosts, "that I may return to you," says Yahweh of hosts. 

 

[Jas 4:8 LSB] Draw near to God and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.

    b. Eight night visions and a sign-act (1:7–6:15)

        A Man on a Red Horse

[Zec 1:12 LSB] Then the angel of Yahweh answered and said, "O Yahweh of hosts, how long will You have no compassion for Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, with which You have been indignant these seventy years?" 

[Zec 1:17 LSB] "Again, call out, saying, 'Thus says Yahweh of hosts, "My cities will again overflow with good, and Yahweh will again comfort Zion and again choose Jerusalem."'

        Four Horns and Craftsmen

        A Man with a Measuring Cord

[Zec 2:8 LSB] For thus says Yahweh of hosts, "After glory He has sent Me against the nations which have taken you as spoil, for he who touches you, touches the apple of His eye.

        The High Priest and a Branch

[Zec 3:8 LSB] 'Now listen, Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who are sitting in front of you--indeed they are men who are a wondrous sign, for behold, I am going to bring in My servant the Branch.

[Zec 3:9 LSB] 'For behold, the stone that I have put before Joshua; on one stone are seven eyes. Behold, I will engrave an inscription on it,' declares Yahweh of hosts, 'and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.

[Zec 3:10 LSB] 'In that day,' declares Yahweh of hosts, 'every one of you will call for his neighbor to [sit] under [his] vine and under [his] fig tree.'"

The Golden Lampstand

[Zec 4:2-3 LSB] And he said to me, "What do you see?" And I said, "I see, and behold, a lampstand all of gold with its bowl on the top of it, and its seven lamps on it with seven spouts belonging to each of the lamps which are on the top of it, also two olive trees by it, one on the right side of the bowl and the other on its left side." 

 

[Zec 4:6 LSB] Then he answered and spoke to me, saying, "This is the word of Yahweh to Zerubbabel, saying, 'Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit,' says Yahweh of hosts.

 

[Zec 4:14 LSB] Then he said, "These are the two anointed ones who are standing by the Lord of all the earth."

A Flying Scroll 

[Zec 5:3 LSB] Then he said to me, "This is the curse that is going forth over the face of the whole land; surely everyone who steals will be purged away according to the writing on one side, and everyone who swears will be purged away according to the writing on the other side.

A Woman in an Ephah

[Zec 5:8 LSB] Then he said, "This is Wickedness!" And he threw her down into the middle of the ephah and threw the lead weight on its opening.

[Zec 5:11 LSB]Then he said to me, "To build a house for her in the land of Shinar; and when it is prepared, she will be set there on her own pedestal."

Four Chariots

[Zec 6:5 LSB] And the angel answered and said to me, "These are the four spirits of heaven, going forth after standing before the Lord of all the earth,

The Crown and the Temple

[Zec 6:12 LSB] "Then you will say to him, 'Thus says Yahweh of hosts, "Behold, a man whose name is Branch, and He will branch out from where He is; and He will build the temple of Yahweh.

[Zec 6:13 LSB] "Indeed, it is He who will build the temple of Yahweh, and He who will bear the splendor and sit and rule on His throne. Thus, He will be a priest on His throne, and the counsel of peace will be between the two offices."'

    C. From fasts to feasts (7:1–8:23)

The People’s Hard Hearts

[Zec 7:12 LSB] "And they made their hearts diamond-hard so that they could not hear the law and the words which Yahweh of hosts had sent by His Spirit by the hand of the former prophets; therefore great wrath came from Yahweh of hosts.

Jerusalem, the City of Truth

[Zec 8:3 LSB] "Thus says Yahweh, 'I will return to Zion and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem. Then Jerusalem will be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of Yahweh of hosts [will be called] the Holy Mountain.'

[Zec 8:23 LSB]

"Thus says Yahweh of hosts, 'In those days ten men from every tongue of the nations will take hold of the garment of a Jew, saying, "Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you."'"

2. The Return of the King (9:1–14:21)

    a. The first oracle: leaders and their people (9:1–11:17)

Yahweh’s Oracle Against Israel’s Enemies

[Zec 9:1 LSB] The oracle of the word of Yahweh is against the land of Hadrach, with Damascus as its resting place (for the eyes of men, especially of all the tribes of Israel, are toward Yahweh),

[Isa 17:7 LSB] In that day man will have regard for his Maker And his eyes will look to the Holy One of Israel.

The Coming King of Zion (Mat 21:5; Jhn 12:14, 15 ) 

[Zec 9:9 LSB] Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Make a loud shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; He is righteous and endowed with salvation, Lowly and mounted on a donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a pack animal.

[Mat 21:5 LSB] "SAY TO THE DAUGHTER OF ZION, 'BEHOLD YOUR KING IS COMING TO YOU, LOWLY, AND MOUNTED ON A DONKEY, AND ON A COLT, THE FOAL OF A PACK ANIMAL.'"

[Zec 9:13 LSB] For I will bend Judah as My bow; I will fill the bow with Ephraim. And I will rouse up your sons, O Zion, against your sons, O Greece; And I will make you like a mighty man's sword.

Yahweh Will Redeem Judah and Israel
 
Woe to the Worthless Shepherd

[Zec 11:12 LSB] And I said to them, "If it is good in your sight, give [me] my wages; but if not, never mind!" So they weighed out thirty [shekels] of silver as my wages.

[Zec 11:13 LSB] Then Yahweh said to me, "Throw it to the potter, [that] valuable price at which I was valued by them." So I took the thirty [shekels] of silver and threw them to the potter in the house of Yahweh.

[Mat 26:15 LSB] and said, "What are you willing to give me to deliver Him to you?" And they weighed out thirty pieces of silver to him. 

[Mat 27:5 LSB] And he threw the pieces of silver into the sanctuary and departed; and he went away and hanged himself. 

    b. The second oracle: the people and their leaders (12:1–14:21)

Yahweh Will Save

[Zec 12:1 LSB] The oracle of the word of Yahweh concerning Israel. [Thus] declares Yahweh who stretches out the heavens, lays the foundation of the earth, and forms the spirit of man within him,

[Zec 12:8 LSB] "In that day Yahweh will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the one who stumbles among them in that day will be like David, and the house of David [will be] like God, like the angel of Yahweh before them.

Jerusalem Refined and Tested 

[Zec 13:7 LSB] "Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd And against the man, My Associate," Declares Yahweh of hosts. "Strike the Shepherd that the sheep may be scattered; And I will turn My hand against the little ones. 

[Mat 26:31 LSB] Then Jesus said to them, "You will all fall away because of Me this night, for it is written, 'I WILL STRIKE DOWN THE SHEPHERD, AND THE SHEEP OF THE FLOCK SHALL BE SCATTERED.'

[Isa 53:10 LSB] But Yahweh was pleased To crush Him, putting [Him] to grief; If You would place His soul [as] a guilt offering, He will see [His] seed, He will prolong [His] days, And the good pleasure of Yahweh will succeed in His hand.

[Zec 13:8 LSB] "And it will be in all the land," Declares Yahweh, "That two parts in it will be cut off [and] breathe their last; But the third will be left in it.

[Zec 13:9 LSB] "And I will bring the third part through the fire And refine them as silver is refined And test them as gold is tested. They will call on My name, And I will answer them; I will say, 'They are My people,' And they will say, 'Yahweh is my God.'"

[1Pe 4:12 LSB] Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery trial among you, which comes upon you for your testing, as though some strange thing were happening to you.

[1Pe 1:6 LSB] In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been grieved by various trials,

[1Pe 1:7 LSB] so that the proof of your faith, [being] more precious than gold which is perishable, even though tested by fire, may be found to result in praise and glory and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.

Yahweh Will Battle the Nations (cf. Eze 38; 39; Mar 13; Rev 20—22 )

[Zec 14:3 LSB] Then Yahweh will go forth and fight against those nations, as the day when He fights on a day of battle.

[Zec 14:4 LSB] And in that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, which is in front of Jerusalem on the east; and the Mount of Olives will be split in its middle from east to west by a very large valley so that half of the mountain will move toward the north and the other half toward the south.

Yahweh Will Be King over All

[Zec 14:16 LSB] Then it will be that any who are left of all the nations that went against Jerusalem will go up from year to year to worship the King, Yahweh of hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Booths.

Haggai

Introduction to Haggai

The Chapters of Haggai - Scholars Crossing

1. Introduction: Reluctant Rebuilders (1:1–2)

The Commission to Rebuild the Temple (Ezr 5:1 )

2. Consider Your Ways: Fruitless Prosperity (1:3–12)

[Hag 1:12 LSB]
Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, listened to the voice of Yahweh their God and the words of Haggai the prophet, as Yahweh their God had sent him. And the people feared Yahweh.

3. Promise and Progress (1:13–15a)

[Hag 1:14 LSB]
So Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and did work on the house of Yahweh of hosts, their God,

4. The Former and Latter Glory of This House (1:15b–2:9)

The Glory of Yahweh Will Fill the Temple

[Hag 2:9 LSB]
'The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,' says Yahweh of hosts, 'and in this place I will give peace,' declares Yahweh of hosts."

5. Consider Your Ways: Holiness and Defilement;

6. Repentance and Blessing (2:10–19)

7. Zerubbabel: The Signet Ring (2:20–23)

Yahweh Chooses Zerubbabel

[Hag 2:23 LSB]
'On that day,' declares Yahweh of hosts, 'I will take you, Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, My servant,' declares Yahweh, 'and I will make you like a signet [ring], for I have chosen you,'" declares Yahweh of hosts.

https://www.ligonier.org/learn/devotionals/zerubbabel-lords-signet-ring

Haggai concludes with a messianic word to Zerubbabel that God would greatly exalt him (vv. 20–23), but the prophet does not mean the person of Zerubbabel himself. The prophets often promise the return of David—the first ruler of Israel appointed by God alone before the exile—but the person in view is actually one of David's sons as prophesied in 2 Samuel 7:1–17. Haggai promises the throne to Zerubbabel—the first ruler of Israel appointed by God alone after the exile—but the person in view is actually one of Zerubbabel's sons.

God's promise to exalt Zerubbabel, that is, one of Zerubbabel's sons, is fulfilled in Christ Jesus, who is David's descendant through Zerubbabel (Matt. 1:1–17; Luke 3:23–38). Christ has been exalted to the right hand of God the Father Almighty, fulfilling Haggai's word. Because the promise to Zerubbabel has been fulfilled, we can be confident that the Lord will keep all of His promises, namely that our glory as His house will one day be greater than any previous temple.

Zephaniah

Introduction to Zephaniah

Yahweh Will End All Things

The Day of Yahweh Is Near

[Zep 1:12 LSB]

"And it will be at that time
That I will search Jerusalem with lamps,
And I will punish the men
Who are stagnant in spirit,
Who say in their hearts, 'Yahweh will not do good or evil!'

Seek Yahweh Before His Day of Anger

[Zep 2:1 LSB]

Gather yourselves together, indeed, gather, O nation without shame,

[Zep 2:2 LSB]

Before the decree takes effect--
The day passes like the chaff--
Before the burning anger of Yahweh comes upon you,
Before the day of Yahweh's anger comes upon you.

[Zep 2:3 LSB]

Seek Yahweh,
All you humble of the earth
Who have worked His justice;
Seek righteousness, seek humility.
Perhaps you will be hidden
In the day of Yahweh's anger.

The Unjust Knows No Shame

Yahweh Will Pour Out His Anger 

(cf. Gen 11:1–9; Act 2:1–11 )

[Zep 3:11 LSB]

"In that day you will feel no shame
Because of all your deeds
By which you have transgressed against Me;
For then I will remove from your midst
Your proud, exulting ones,
And you will never again be haughty
On My holy mountain.

[Zep 3:12 LSB]

"But I will cause to remain in your midst
A lowly and poor people,
And they will take refuge in the name of Yahweh.

[Zep 3:13 LSB]

"The remnant of Israel will do no injustice
And not speak falsehood,
Nor will a deceitful tongue
Be found in their mouths;
For they will feed and lie down
With no one to make them tremble."

Yahweh’s Joy in Restoring Israel

[Zep 3:19 LSB]

"Behold, I am going to deal at that time 

With all those who afflict you, 

And I will save the lame 

And gather the banished, 

And I will turn them -- in their shame -- into praise and a name 

In all the earth.

Habakkuk

• Introduction to Habakkuk - ESV
• The Chapters of Habakkuk, Harold Willmington

Habakkuk Calls For Help

Yahweh Raises the Dreaded Chaldeans

[Hab 1:5 LSB]

"See among the nations! And look! Be also astonished! Be astounded! Because [I am] doing something in your days-- You would not believe if it was recounted [to you].

Yahweh Has Placed Them to Judge

The Righteous Will Live by His Faith

[Hab 2:4 LSB]
"Behold, as for the proud one, His soul is not right within him; But the righteous will live by his faith.

Yet I Will Exalt in Yahweh

[Hab 3:16 LSB]

I heard, and my inward parts trembled; At the sound my lips tingled. Decay enters my bones, And in my place I tremble. Because I must wait quietly for the day of distress, For the people to arise [who] will invade us.

[Hab 3:17 LSB]

Though the fig tree should not blossom And there be no produce on the vines, [Though] the yield of the olive should fail And the fields yield no food, Though the flock should be cut off from the fold And there be no cattle in the stalls,

[Hab 3:18 LSB]

Yet I will exult in Yahweh; I will rejoice in the God of my salvation.

[Hab 3:19 LSB]

Yahweh, the Lord, is my strength, And He has set my feet like hinds' [feet] And makes me tread on my high places. For the choir director, on my stringed instruments.

Nahum

Introduction to Nahum

Chapters of Nahum - Harold Willmington

1. Introduction (1:1)

[Nah 1:1 LSB]

The oracle of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.

2. A Psalm Descriptively Praising the Lord (1:2–8)

[Nah 1:2 LSB]

ALEPH A jealous and avenging God is Yahweh; Yahweh is avenging and wrathful. Yahweh is avenging against His adversaries, And He keeps [His anger] for His enemies.

[Nah 1:3 LSB]

BETH Yahweh is slow to anger and great in power, And Yahweh will by no means leave [the guilty] unpunished. In whirlwind and storm is His way, And clouds are the dust beneath His feet.

3. The Lord’s Coming Judgment on Nineveh and Deliverance of Judah (1:9–15)

[Nah 1:14 LSB]

And Yahweh has commanded concerning you: "There will no longer be seed from your name. From the house of your gods, I will cut off graven image and molten image. I will prepare your grave, For you are contemptible."

[Nah 1:15 LSB]

Behold, on the mountains the feet of him who proclaims good news, Who announces peace! Celebrate your feasts, O Judah; Pay your vows. For never again will the vile one pass through you; He is cut off completely.

4. Focus on Nineveh: The Lord’s Coming Judgment (2:1–13)

5. Again, Focus on Nineveh: More concerning the Lord’s Coming Judgment (3:1–19)

Micah

 Introduction to Micah

1. Superscription (1:1)

[Mic 1:1 LSB] 1 The word of Yahweh which came [to] Micah of Moresheth in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, [and] Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he beheld concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

2. The Announcement of Judgment on Israel and Judah (1:2–2:13)

[Mic 1:5 LSB] 5 All this is for the transgression of Jacob And for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria? What is the high place of Judah? Is it not Jerusalem?

[Mic 2:12 LSB] 12 "I will surely assemble all of you, Jacob; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel. I will put them together like sheep in the fold; Like a flock in the midst of its pasture They will be noisy with men.

[Mic 2:13 LSB] 13 "The breaker goes up before them; They break out, pass through the gate, and go out by it. So their king goes on before them, And Yahweh at their head.

3. The Present Injustice and the Future Prospect of Just Rule in Jerusalem (3:1–5:15)

[Mic 3:4 LSB] 4 Then they will cry out to Yahweh, But He will not answer them. Instead, He will hide His face from them at that time Because they have practiced evil deeds.

The Law Will Go Forth from Zion (cf. Isa 2:2–4 )

[Mic 4:2 LSB] 2 And many nations will come and say, "Come and let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh And to the house of the God of Jacob, That He may instruct us from His ways And that we may walk in His paths." For from Zion will go forth the law, And the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem.

The Ruler Will Come from Bethlehem

[Mic 5:2 LSB]

"But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, [Too] little to be among the clans of Judah, From you One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel. His goings forth are from everlasting, From the ancient days."

[Mic 5:3 LSB]

Therefore He will give them [up] until the time When she who is in childbirth has borne a child. Then the remainder of His brothers Will return to the sons of Israel.

[Mic 5:4 LSB]

And He will stand and shepherd [His flock] In the strength of Yahweh, In the majesty of the name of Yahweh His God. And they will remain Because at that time He will be great To the ends of the earth.

4. The Lord’s Indictment and Restoration of His People (6:1–7:20)

Yahweh’s Case Against His People

What Yahweh Requires

[Mic 6:8 LSB]

He has told you, O man, what is good; And what does Yahweh require of you But to do justice, to love lovingkindness, And to walk humbly with your God?

There Is No Upright Person

Yahweh Is a Light for Me

[Mic 7:8 LSB]

Do not be glad over me, O my enemy.
Though I fall I will rise;
Though I inhabit the darkness, Yahweh is a light for me.

[Mic 7:9 LSB]

I will bear the rage of Yahweh
Because I have sinned against Him,
Until He pleads my case and does justice for me.
He will bring me out to the light,
[And] I will see His righteousness.

[Mic 7:18 LSB]

Who is a God like You, who forgives iniquity
And passes over the transgression of the remnant of His inheritance?
He does not hold fast to His anger forever
Because He delights in lovingkindness.

[Mic 7:19 LSB]

He will again have compassion on us;
He will subdue our iniquities.
And You will cast all their sins Into the depths of the sea.

[Mic 7:20 LSB]

You will give truth to Jacob
[And] lovingkindness to Abraham,
Which You swore to our fathers
From the days of old.

Jonah

Introduction to Jonah

A. Jonah’s commissioning and flight (1:1–3)

B. Jonah and the pagan sailors (1:4–16)

[Jon 1:5 LSB] 5 Then the sailors became fearful, and every man cried to his god, and they hurled the cargo which was in the ship into the sea to lighten [it] for them. But Jonah had gone down [below] into the innermost part of the vessel, lain down, and fallen deep asleep.

[Jon 1:9 LSB] 9 And he said to them, "I am a Hebrew, and I fear Yahweh, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land."

[Jon 1:12 LSB] 12 So he said to them, "Lift me up and hurl me into the sea. Then the sea will become quiet for you, for I know that on account of me this great storm [has come] upon you."

[Jon 1:15-16 LSB] 15 So they lifted Jonah up and hurled him into the sea, and the sea stood still from its raging. 16 Then the men greatly feared Yahweh, and they offered a sacrifice to Yahweh and made vows.

C. Jonah’s grateful prayer (1:17–2:10)

[Jon 2:1 LSB] 1 Then Jonah prayed to Yahweh his God from the stomach of the fish,

[Jon 2:2 LSB] 2 and he said, "I called out of my distress to Yahweh, And He answered me. I cried for help from the belly of Sheol; You heard my voice.

[Jon 2:6 LSB] 6 "I went down to the base of the mountains. The earth with its bars [closed] behind me forever, But You have brought up my life from the pit, O Yahweh my God.

[Jon 2:9 LSB] 9 But as for me, I will sacrifice to You With the voice of thanksgiving. That which I have vowed I will pay. Salvation belongs to Yahweh."

[Jon 2:10 LSB] 10 Then Yahweh spoke to the fish, and it vomited Jonah up onto the dry land.

A'. Jonah’s recommissioning and compliance (3:1–3a)

B'. Jonah and the pagan Ninevites (3:3b–10)

C'. Jonah’s angry prayer (4:1–4)

D. Jonah’s lesson about compassion (4:5–11)

[Jon 4:10 LSB] 10 Then Yahweh said, "You had pity on the plant for which you did not work and [which] you did not cause to grow, which came to be overnight and perished overnight.

[Jon 4:11 LSB] 11 "So should I not have pity on Nineveh, the great city, in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know [the difference] between their right and left hand, as well as many animals?"

Where Am I? Hebrews 12:22-24

Hebrews 12:22-24 LSB — 

But you have come

- to Mount Zion and 

- to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and

- to myriads of angels, 

- to the festal gathering and assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, 

and 

- to God, the Judge of all, and 

- to the spirits of the righteous made perfect, and 

- to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, 

and 

- to the sprinkled blood, which speaks better than the blood of Abel.

Ephesians 1 The Cause - What God Did vs the Effects

The Cause - What God Did

2. Grace and peace to us

3. Has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ.

4. Chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him in love,

5. Predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

6. Graciously bestowed on us His glory in the Beloved 

8. Caused His grace to abound to us in all wisdom and insight,

9. Made known to us the mystery of His will, according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him

The Effects on Us

We: 

2. Have Grace and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ

3. Were blessed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ

4. Were chosen in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him in love,

5. Were predestined to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,

6. Were graciously bestowed with His grace in the Beloved.

7-8. Have redemption in the Beloved through His blood, the forgiveness of our transgressions, according to the riches of His grace which He caused to abound to us in all wisdom and insight,

9. Have known the mystery of His will, according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him

11. Have been made an inheritance, 

11. Have been predestined according to the purpose of Him who works all things according to the counsel of His will

13. Listened to and believed the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation

13. Were sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise,

Everlasting Covenants

[Psa 105:10 ESV] which he confirmed to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant,

1) the Noahic Covenant

[Gen 9:16 ESV] When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth."

2) the Abrahamic Covenant

[Gen 17:7 ESV] And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you.

[Gen 17:19 ESV] God said, "No, but Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him.

3) the Priestly Covenant

[Lev 24:8 ESV] Every Sabbath day Aaron shall arrange it before the LORD regularly; it is from the people of Israel as a covenant forever.

 4) the Davidic Covenant

[2Sa 23:5 ESV] "For does not my house stand so with God? For he has made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things and secure. For will he not cause to prosper all my help and my desire?

5)the New Covenant

[Jer 32:40 ESV] I will make with them an everlasting covenant, that I will not turn away from doing good to them. And I will put the fear of me in their hearts, that they may not turn from me.

Jesus the guarantor and mediator of the new and better covenant

Hebrews 7:21-22 ESV — but this one was made a priest with an oath by the one who said to him:

“The Lord has sworn

and will not change his mind,

‘You are a priest forever.’” This makes Jesus the guarantor of a better covenant.

Hebrews 9:13-15 ESV — For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God. Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.

The Doctrine of Imputation

https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/the-doctrine-of-imputation/

[Lev 16:6 NKJV] "Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering, which [is] for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house.

[Lev 16:21 NKJV] "Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions, concerning all their sins, putting them on the head of the goat, and shall send [it] away into the wilderness by the hand of a suitable man.

[Lev 16:22 NKJV] "The goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to an uninhabited land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness.

[Num 27:18 NKJV] And the LORD said to Moses: "Take Joshua the son of Nun with you, a man in whom [is] the Spirit, and lay your hand on him;

[Deu 34:9 NKJV] Now Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him; so the children of Israel heeded him, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses.

[1Ti 4:14 NKJV] Do not neglect the gift that is in you, which was given to you by prophecy with the laying on of the hands of the eldership.

[Isa 53:4 NKJV] Surely He has borne our griefs And carried our sorrows; Yet we esteemed Him stricken, Smitten by God, and afflicted.

[Isa 53:5 NKJV] But He [was] wounded for our transgressions, [He was] bruised for our iniquities; The chastisement for our peace [was] upon Him, And by His stripes we are healed.

[Isa 53:11 NKJV] He shall see the labor of His soul, [and] be satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant shall justify many, For He shall bear their iniquities.

[Isa 53:12 NKJV] Therefore I will divide Him a portion with the great, And He shall divide the spoil with the strong, Because He poured out His soul unto death, And He was numbered with the transgressors, And He bore the sin of many, And made intercession for the transgressors.

[Deu 6:25 NKJV] 'Then it will be righteousness for us, if we are careful to observe all these commandments before the LORD our God, as He has commanded us.'

[Lev 18:5 NKJV] 'You shall therefore keep My statutes and My judgments, which if a man does, he shall live by them: I [am] the LORD.

[Zec 3:1 NKJV] Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the Angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to oppose him.

[Lev 16:4 NKJV] "He shall put the holy linen tunic and the linen trousers on his body; he shall be girded with a linen sash, and with the linen turban he shall be attired. These [are] holy garments. Therefore he shall wash his body in water, and put them on.

[Zec 3:4 NKJV] Then He answered and spoke to those who stood before Him, saying, "Take away the filthy garments from him." And to him He said, "See, I have removed your iniquity from you, and I will clothe you with rich robes."

[Isa 61:10 NKJV] I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, My soul shall be joyful in my God; For He has clothed me with the garments of salvation, He has covered me with the robe of righteousness, As a bridegroom decks [himself] with ornaments, And as a bride adorns [herself] with her jewels.

[2Co 5:21 NKJV] For He made Him who knew no sin [to be] sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

[Gen 15:6 NKJV] And he believed in the LORD, and He accounted it to him for righteousness.

[Rom 4:3 NKJV] For what does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness."

[Rom 4:4 NKJV] Now to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt.

[Rom 4:5 NKJV] But to him who does not work but believes on Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness,

[Rom 4:6 NKJV] just as David also describes the blessedness of the man to whom God imputes righteousness apart from works:

[Rom 4:7 NKJV] "Blessed [are those] whose lawless deeds are forgiven, And whose sins are covered;

[Rom 5:12 NKJV] Therefore, just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men, because all sinned--

[Rom 5:13 NKJV] (For until the law sin was in the world, but sin is not imputed when there is no law.

[Rom 5:14 NKJV] Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned according to the likeness of the transgression of Adam, who is a type of Him who was to come.

[Rom 5:15 NKJV] But the free gift [is] not like the offense. For if by the one man's offense many died, much more the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, abounded to many.

[Rom 5:16 NKJV] And the gift [is] not like [that which came] through the one who sinned. For the judgment [which came] from one [offense resulted] in condemnation, but the free gift [which came] from many offenses [resulted] in justification.

[Rom 5:17 NKJV] For if by the one man's offense death reigned through the one, much more those who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.)

[Rom 5:18 NKJV] Therefore, as through one man's offense [judgment came] to all men, resulting in condemnation, even so through one Man's righteous act [the free gift came] to all men, resulting in justification of life.

[Rom 5:19 NKJV] For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man's obedience many will be made righteous.

[Rom 5:20 NKJV] Moreover the law entered that the offense might abound. But where sin abounded, grace abounded much more,

[Rom 5:21 NKJV] so that as sin reigned in death, even so grace might reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

[1Co 15:45 NKJV] And so it is written, "The first man Adam became a living being." The last Adam [became] a life-giving spirit.

[Rom 5:19 NKJV] For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so also by one Man's obedience many will be made righteous.

[Eph 2:8 NKJV] For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; [it is] the gift of God,

[Eph 2:9 NKJV] not of works, lest anyone should boast.

Hebrews 11:1-2 Korean vs English Translations

개역 한글 히브리서11장

1 믿음은 바라는 것들의 실상이요 보지 못하는 것들의 증거니

2 선진들이 이로써 증거를 얻었으니라

한글 흠정역 히브리서11장

1 이제 믿음은 바라는 것들의 실체요 보이지 않는 것들의 증거니 

2 그것으로 장로들이 좋은 평판을 얻었느니라. 

 

구글 번역기로 ESV를 번역

1 이제 믿음은 바라는 것들의 보증이요 보이지 않는 것들에 대한 확신이니

2 옛 사람들이 그것으로 칭찬을 받았다.

Heb 11:1 NKJV

1 Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.

2 For by it the elders obtained a good testimony.

Heb 11:1 ESV

1 Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen.

2 For by it the people of old received their commendation.

Heb 11:1 NIV 

1 Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see.

2 This is what the ancients were commended for.

Hebrews 10:38-39 Three Faith of Faith Life

1. Recognize the Lord as God 인식

2. Live with the word of God

3. Trust God's steadfastness and do not go back

Hebrews 10:38-39 ESV — but my righteous one shall live by faith, and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.” But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

John 4:20 ESV — Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in Jerusalem is the place where people ought to worship.”

John 4:24 ESV — God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.”

Romans 12:1-2 ESV — I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.

Hebrews 3:4 ESV — (For every house is built by someone, but the builder of all things is God.)

Acts 17:24-25 ESV — The God who made the world and everything in it, being Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in temples made by man, nor is he served by human hands, as though he needed anything, since he himself gives to all mankind life and breath and everything.

John 1:12 ESV — But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God,

Genesis 15:5-6 ESV — And he brought him outside and said, “Look toward heaven, and number the stars, if you are able to number them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your offspring be.” And he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him as righteousness.

Habakkuk 2:4 ESV — “Behold, his soul is puffed up; it is not upright within him, but the righteous shall live by his faith.

Hebrews 11:1-2 ESV — Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen. For by it the people of old received their commendation.

Hebrews 11:6 ESV — And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.

Proverbs 29:25-26 ESV — The fear of man lays a snare, but whoever trusts in the LORD is safe. Many seek the face of a ruler, but it is from the LORD that a man gets justice.

James 5:11 ESV — Behold, we consider those blessed who remained steadfast. You have heard of the steadfastness of Job, and you have seen the purpose of the Lord, how the Lord is compassionate and merciful.

Hebrews 11:27 ESV — By faith he left Egypt, not being afraid of the anger of the king, for he endured as seeing him who is invisible.

1 Samuel 15:24 ESV — Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned, for I have transgressed the commandment of the LORD and your words, because I feared the people and obeyed their voice.

Matthew 8:26 ESV — And he said to them, “Why are you afraid, O you of little faith?” Then he rose and rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm.

Matthew 17:17 ESV — And Jesus answered, “O faithless and twisted generation, how long am I to be with you? How long am I to bear with you? Bring him here to me.”

Matthew 16:8 ESV — But Jesus, aware of this, said, “O you of little faith, why are you discussing among yourselves the fact that you have no bread?

Matthew 14:31 ESV — Jesus immediately reached out his hand and took hold of him, saying to him, “O you of little faith, why did you doubt?”

Matthew 8:10 ESV — When Jesus heard this, he marveled and said to those who followed him, “Truly, I tell you, with no one in Israel have I found such faith.

Matthew 15:27-28 ESV — She said, “Yes, Lord, yet even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters’ table.” Then Jesus answered her, “O woman, great is your faith! Be it done for you as you desire.” And her daughter was healed instantly.

John 20:27-29 ESV — Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.” Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”

Proverbs 3:5-6 ESV — Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths.

Hebrews 11:3 ESV — By faith we understand that the universe was created by the word of God, so that what is seen was not made out of things that are visible.

Hebrews 1:3 ESV — He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

Genesis 3:17 ESV — And to Adam he said, “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten of the tree of which I commanded you, ‘You shall not eat of it,’ cursed is the ground because of you; in pain you shall eat of it all the days of your life;

1 Samuel 15:22-23 ESV — And Samuel said, “Has the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen than the fat of rams. For rebellion is as the sin of divination, and presumption is as iniquity and idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, he has also rejected you from being king.”

Luke 8:15 ESV — As for that in the good soil, they are those who, hearing the word, hold it fast in an honest and good heart, and bear fruit with patience.

Hebrews 2:1 ESV — Therefore we must pay much closer attention to what we have heard, lest we drift away from it.

Matthew 4:4 ESV — But he answered, “It is written, “‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.’”

Romans 10:17 ESV — So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.

1 Corinthians 14:26 ESV — What then, brothers? When you come together, each one has a hymn, a lesson, a revelation, a tongue, or an interpretation. Let all things be done for building up.

Luke 5:5 ESV — And Simon answered, “Master, we toiled all night and took nothing! But at your word I will let down the nets.”

Hebrews 10:38-39 ESV — but my righteous one shall live by faith, and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.” But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

Galatians 3:3 ESV — Are you so foolish? Having begun by the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh?

Ruth 1:14 ESV — Then they lifted up their voices and wept again. And Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her.

Ephesians 6:16 ESV — In all circumstances take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming darts of the evil one;

Hebrews 10:38-39 ESV — but my righteous one shall live by faith, and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.” But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.

Hebrews 11:24-26 ESV — By faith Moses, when he was grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, choosing rather to be mistreated with the people of God than to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of sin. He considered the reproach of Christ greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt, for he was looking to the reward.

1 John 5:4 ESV — For everyone who has been born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that has overcome the world—our faith.

Ephesians 3:12 ESV — in whom we have boldness and access with confidence through our faith in him.

2 Corinthians 5:7 ESV — for we walk by faith, not by sight.

2 Corinthians 4:7 ESV — But we have this treasure in jars of clay, to show that the surpassing power belongs to God and not to us.

Matthew 6:30 ESV — But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which today is alive and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will he not much more clothe you, O you of little faith?

Hebrews 11:6 ESV — And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.

Matthew 7:7 ESV — “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.

Hebrews 13:5-6 ESV — Keep your life free from love of money, and be content with what you have, for he has said, “I will never leave you nor forsake you.” So we can confidently say, “The Lord is my helper; I will not fear; what can man do to me?”

Psalm 121:1-2 ESV — A Song of Ascents. I lift up my eyes to the hills. From where does my help come? My help comes from the LORD, who made heaven and earth.

Romans 8:32 ESV — He who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things?

Psalm 23:6 ESV — Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life, and I shall dwell in the house of the LORD forever.