πᾶς (pas) and πολύς (polys)

The debate over whether Jesus died for "all" or "many" heavily relies on the nuance of two foundational Koine Greek words: πᾶς (pas) and πολύς (polys), alongside the Hebrew concepts that influenced the New Testament writers.

1. Πολλῶν (Pollon / Polloi) – "Many"

The Greek word πολλῶν (pollon, the genitive form of polloi) translates literally to "many." This is the term Jesus used during the Last Supper: "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many (pollon) for the forgiveness of sins" (Matthew 26:28).

• The Semitic Background (The Rabbîm Connection): Biblical scholars emphasize that Jesus and His disciples spoke Aramaic and were deeply saturated in the Hebrew Scriptures. When Jesus used "many," He was directly referencing the prophecy of the Suffering Servant in Isaiah 53:11-12, which says the servant will "justify many" and "bore the sin of many".

Isa 53:11-12 LSB – 

[11] As a result of the anguish of His soul, 

He will see [it and] be satisfied; 

By His knowledge the Righteous One, 

My Servant, will justify the many, 

As He will bear their iniquities. 

[12] Therefore, I will divide for Him a portion with the many, 

And He will divide the spoil with the strong; 

Because He poured out His soul to death, 

And was numbered with the transgressors; 

Yet He Himself bore the sin of many, 

And interceded for the transgressors.

• Inclusive vs. Exclusive Meaning: In classical Greek and modern English, "many" is exclusive—it means a large number, but explicitly not all. However, the underlying Hebrew word רַבִּים (rabbîm) functions inclusively to mean "the multitude" or "the totality".

• The Theological Divide:
• Particular Redemption (Calvinist) view: They take pollon strictly in its narrow Greek sense—Jesus died for a specific, vast multitude (the elect), but not for every single person.
• General Atonement (Arminian/Protestant/Catholic) view: They argue pollon means "the mass of humanity." It contrasts the One who died with the countless many who benefit, making it a synonym for "all."

2. Πάντων (Panton / Pas) – "All"

The Greek word πάντων (panton, a form of pas) translates directly to "all," "every," or "the whole." This is the word used in passages like 1 Timothy 2:6, which says Christ "gave himself as a ransom for all (panton)."

1Ti 2:6 LSB – [6] who gave Himself as a ransom for all, the witness for this proper time.

 

• The Theological Divide:

• General Atonement view: They take panton at face value. "All" means every single individual human being without exception. Therefore, the scope of the atonement is structurally universal.

• Particular Redemption view: They argue that panton must be interpreted by its context, often meaning "all kinds of people" (e.g., Jews and Gentiles, kings and peasants) rather than every single individual. They point to verses where "all" clearly means a specific group, such as 2 Corinthians 5:14: "one died for all, and therefore all died"—arguing that this "all" refers only to those who spiritually died and rose with Christ.

2Co 5:14 LSB – [14] For the love of Christ controls us, having concluded this, that one died for all, therefore all died.

How did Jesus die for all? In the sense that His death is able to save all who will come to Him and is a demonstration of God's love to all; but not in the sense that all are saved because Jesus died (which is the false doctrine of universalism).

However, it is probable that in this context Paul means "all the saved" when he says all. There is no doubt that there is a sense in which Jesus died for the whole world: And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world (1 John 2:2). But the all Paul mentions here is probably "all the saved," because he also writes then all died. It can only be said that those who join themselves to Jesus by faith have spiritually died and risen again with Him (Romans 6:1-6).

1Jo 2:2 LSB – [2] and He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for [those of] the whole world.

Rom 6:1-6 LSB –

[1] What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin so that grace may increase?

[2] May it never be! How shall we who died to sin still live in it?

[3] Or do you not know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? [4] Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life.

[5] For if we have become united with [Him] in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be [in the likeness] of His resurrection,

[6] knowing this, that our old man was crucified with [Him], in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin;

 

3. Summary of the Linguistic Interplay

Greek Word	Literal Meaning	Key Bible Verse	How Unlimited View Sees It	How Limited View Sees It
Πολλῶν (Pollon)	Many / Multitude	Matthew 26:28 ("poured out for many")	Inclusively: The entire human race, matching the Hebrew rabbîm.	Exclusively: The specific, large number of God's chosen elect.
Πάντων (Panton)	All / Everyone	1 Timothy 2:6 ("a ransom for all")	Universally: Every single human individual who has ever lived.	Categorically: All types of people (both Jews and Gentiles), not every single individual.

Ultimately, New Testament writers used both terms to paint a complete picture: "Many" emphasizes the staggering magnitude and grandeur of the crowd being saved (reversing the effects of the Fall), while "All" emphasizes that the boundaries of God's grace span across every nation, race, and class of humanity.

Jesus Died for All or Many

The phrase "for many" comes from Jesus' words at the Last Supper (Matthew 26:28; Mark 14:24), while other biblical passages state that He died "for all" (2 Corinthians 5:15; 1 Timothy 2:6). 

Mat 26:28 LSB – [28] for this is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for forgiveness of sins.

Mar 14:24 LSB – [24] And He said to them, "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.

2Co 5:15 LSB – [15] And He died for all, so that they who live would no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died and rose again on their behalf.

1Ti 2:6 LSB – [6] who gave Himself as a ransom for all, the witness for this proper time.

Christians hold two main views on this question:

1. Unlimited Atonement (Universal in Extent)

• The View: Jesus died for every single human being who has ever lived.
• How "Many" is Understood: In this view, "many" is used inclusively (meaning "the many" or all of humanity, as opposed to just one group or nation like the Jews).
• Key Idea: The sacrifice is sufficient for all, meaning the door is open to everyone, but it is effective only for those who believe.
• Supported By: Verses like John 3:16 ("for God so loved the world") and 1 John 2:2 ("not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world").

Jhn 3:16 LSB – [16] "For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life.

1Jo 2:2 LSB – [2] and He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for [those of] the whole world.

2. Limited Atonement / Definite Atonement (Particular Redemption)

• The View: Jesus specifically died to effectively save the elect—those chosen by God—rather than every individual. (This is the "L" in the Calvinist TULIP framework).
• How "Many" is Understood: "Many" is literal and specific, referring to the multitude who are actually redeemed by His blood.
• Key Idea: If Jesus died for everyone and paid for all sins, then nobody should go to hell for sin; therefore, His death actually accomplished the salvation of those it was meant for without failing.
• Supported By: Passages highlighting that Christ laid down His life specifically for His "sheep" (John 10:15) or the church (Ephesians 5:25).

Jhn 10:15 LSB – [15] even as the Father knows Me and I know the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep.

 

Eph 5:25 LSB – [25] Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself up for her,

Habakkuk 1-3 - The Righteous Will Live by His Faith

Habakkuk Calls for Help

Hab 1:2 LSB – [2] How long, O Yahweh, will I call for help, And You will not hear? I cry out to You, "Violence!" Yet You do not save.

Yahweh Raises the Dreaded Chaldeans

Hab 1:6 LSB – [6] "For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans, That bitter and hasty nation Who walks on the breadth of the land To possess dwelling places which are not theirs.

Yahweh Has Placed Them to Judge

Hab 1:13 LSB – [13] [Your] eyes are too pure to see evil, And You cannot look on trouble. Why do You look On those who deal treacherously? [Why] are You silent when the wicked swallow up Those more righteous than they?

The Righteous Will Live by His Faith

Hab 2:4 LSB – [4] "Behold, as for the proud one, 

His soul is not right within him; 

But the righteous will live by his faith.

Rom 1:16-17 LSB – 

[16] For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 

[17] For in it [the] righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "BUT THE RIGHTEOUS WILL LIVE BY FAITH."

Gal 3:10-14 LSB – 

[10] For as many as are of the works of the Law are under a curse, for it is written, "CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO DOES NOT ABIDE BY ALL THINGS WRITTEN IN THE BOOK OF THE LAW, TO DO THEM." 

[11] Now that no one is justified by the Law before God is evident, for "THE RIGHTEOUS SHALL LIVE BY FAITH." 

[12] However, the Law is not of faith; rather, "HE WHO DOES THEM SHALL LIVE BY THEM." 

[13] Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us--for it is written, "CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE"-- 

[14] in order that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we would receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

Yet I Will Exult in Yahweh

Hab 3:16 LSB – [16] I heard, and my inward parts trembled; 

At the sound my lips tingled. 

Decay enters my bones, 

And in my place I tremble. 

Because I must wait quietly for the day of distress, 

For the people to arise [who] will invade us.

Hab 3:17-19 LSB – 

[17] Though the fig tree should not blossom 

And there be no produce on the vines, 

[Though] the yield of the olive should fail 

And the fields yield no food, 

Though the flock should be cut off from the fold 

And there be no cattle in the stalls, 

[18] Yet I will exult in Yahweh; 

I will rejoice in the God of my salvation. 

[19] Yahweh, the Lord, is my strength, 

And He has set my feet like hinds' [feet] 

And makes me tread on my high places. 

For the choir director, on my stringed instruments.

Zephaniah 1-3 - The Day of Yahweh Is Near

Yahweh Will End All Things

Zep 1:2-4 LSB – 

[2] "I will completely end all [things] From the face of the ground," declares Yahweh. 

[3] "I will end man and beast; I will end the birds of the sky And the fish of the sea And the ruins along with the wicked; And I will cut off man from the face of the ground," declares Yahweh. 

[4] "So I will stretch out My hand against Judah And against all the inhabitants of Jerusalem. And I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place, [And] the names of the idolatrous priests along with the priests,

Zep 1:12 LSB – [12] "And it will be at that time That I will search Jerusalem with lamps, And I will punish the men Who are stagnant in spirit, Who say in their hearts, 'Yahweh will not do good or evil!'

The Day of Yahweh Is Near

The Day of the LORD

Zep 1:7 LSB – [7] Be silent before Lord Yahweh! For the day of Yahweh is near, For Yahweh has prepared a sacrifice; He has set apart His guests.

Zep 1:12 LSB – [12] "And it will be at that time That I will search Jerusalem with lamps, And I will punish the men Who are stagnant in spirit, Who say in their hearts, 'Yahweh will not do good or evil!'

Zep 1:14 LSB – [14] Near is the great day of Yahweh, Near and coming very quickly; O the sound, the day of Yahweh! In it the mighty man cries out bitterly.

Seek Yahweh Before His Day of Anger

Zep 2:1-2 LSB – [1] Gather yourselves together, indeed, gather, O nation without shame, [2] Before the decree takes effect-- The day passes like the chaff-- Before the burning anger of Yahweh comes upon you, Before the day of Yahweh's anger comes upon you.

Zep 2:3 LSB – [3] Seek Yahweh, All you humble of the earth Who have worked His justice; Seek righteousness, seek humility. Perhaps you will be hidden In the day of Yahweh's anger.

The Unjust Knows No Shame

Zep 3:1-2 LSB – 

[1] Woe to her who is rebellious and defiled, 

The oppressive city! 

[2] She did not listen to [any] voice; 

She did not receive discipline. 

She did not trust in Yahweh; 

She did not draw near to her God.

Yahweh Will Pour Out His Anger

Zep 3:8 LSB – 

[8] "Therefore wait for Me," declares Yahweh, 

"For the day when I rise up as a witness. 

Indeed, My judgment is to assemble nations, 

To gather kingdoms, 

To pour out on them My indignation, 

All My burning anger; 

For all the earth will be devoured 

By the fire of My zeal.

Zep 3:9 LSB – 

[9] "For then I will change [them] to peoples with purified lips, 

That all of them may call on the name of Yahweh, 

To serve Him shoulder to shoulder.

Yahweh’s Joy in Restoring Israel

Zep 3:14-15 LSB – 

[14] Sing for joy, O daughter of Zion! Make a loud shout, O Israel! Be glad and exult with all [your] heart, O daughter of Jerusalem! 

[15] Yahweh has taken away [His] judgments against you; He has cleared away your enemies. The King of Israel, Yahweh, is in your midst; You will fear evil no more.

Nahum 1-3 - the feet of him who proclaims good news

Yahweh’s Wrath Against Nineveh

Nah 1:1 LSB – [1] The oracle of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite.

Nah 1:2-3 LSB – 

[2] ALEPH 

A jealous and avenging God is Yahweh; 

Yahweh is avenging and wrathful. 

Yahweh is avenging against His adversaries, 

And He keeps [His anger] for His enemies. 

[3] BETH 

Yahweh is slow to anger and great in power, 

And Yahweh will by no means leave [the guilty] unpunished. 

In whirlwind and storm is His way, 

And clouds are the dust beneath His feet.

Nah 1:7 LSB – [7] 

TETH 

Yahweh is good, A strong defense in the day of distress, 

YODH 

And He knows those who take refuge in Him.

Nah 1:15 LSB – 

[15] Behold, on the mountains the feet of him who proclaims good news, 

Who announces peace! 

Celebrate your feasts, O Judah; 

Pay your vows. 

For never again will the vile one pass through you; 

He is cut off completely.

Isa 52:7 LSB – [7] How lovely on the mountains 

Are the feet of him who proclaims good news, 

Who announces peace 

And proclaims good news of good things, 

Who announces salvation, 

[And] says to Zion, "Your God reigns!"

 

Yahweh’s Destruction of Nineveh

Nah 2:13 LSB – [13] "Behold, I am against you," declares Yahweh of hosts. "And I will burn up her chariots in smoke, and a sword will devour your young lions; and I will cut off your prey from the land, and no longer will the voice of your messengers be heard."

Woe to Nineveh

Nah 3:1 LSB – [1] Woe to the city of bloodshed, completely full of deception [and] pillage; [Her] prey never departs.

 

Micah 1-7 - The Ruler Will Come from Bethlehem

Calamity in Israel and Judah

Mic 1:3-5 LSB – 

[3] For behold, Yahweh is going forth from His place. He will come down and tread on the high places of the earth. 

[4] The mountains will melt under Him, And the valleys will be split, Like wax before the fire, Like water poured down a steep place. 

[5] All this is for the transgression of Jacob And for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria? What is the high place of Judah? Is it not Jerusalem?

An Evil Time

Mic 2:12 LSB – [12] "I will surely assemble all of you, Jacob; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel. I will put them together like sheep in the fold; Like a flock in the midst of its pasture They will be noisy with men.

Yahweh Will Not Answer

Mic 3:7-8 LSB – 

[7] The seers will be ashamed, 

And the diviners will be humiliated. 

Indeed, they will all cover [their] mouths 

Because there is no answer from God. 

[8] On the other hand I am filled with power-- 

With the Spirit of Yahweh-- 

And with justice and might 

To declare to Jacob his transgression, 

Even to Israel his sin.

The Law Will Go Forth from Zion

Mic 4:2 LSB – 

[2] And many nations will come and say, 

"Come and let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh 

And to the house of the God of Jacob, 

That He may instruct us from His ways 

And that we may walk in His paths." 

For from Zion will go forth the law, 

And the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem.

The Ruler Will Come from Bethlehem

Mic 5:2-4 LSB – 

[2] "But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, 

[Too] little to be among the clans of Judah, 

From you One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel. 

His goings forth are from everlasting, 

From the ancient days." 

[3] Therefore He will give them [up] until the time 

When she who is in childbirth has borne a child. 

Then the remainder of His brothers 

Will return to the sons of Israel. 

[4] And He will stand and shepherd [His flock] 

In the strength of Yahweh, 

In the majesty of the name of Yahweh His God. 

And they will remain 

Because at that time He will be great 

To the ends of the earth.

Yahweh’s Case Against His People

What Yahweh Requires

Mic 6:8 LSB – 

[8] He has told you, O man, what is good; 

And what does Yahweh require of you 

But to do justice, to love lovingkindness, 

And to walk humbly with your God?

There Is No Upright Person

Mic 7:2 LSB – [2] The holy one has perished from the land, And there is no upright [person] among men. All of them lie in wait for bloodshed; Each of them hunts the other with a net.

Yahweh Is a Light for Me

Mic 7:7 LSB – [7] But as for me, I will watch expectantly for Yahweh; I will wait for the God of my salvation. My God will hear me.

Mic 7:18 LSB – [18] Who is a God like You, who forgives iniquity And passes over the transgression of the remnant of His inheritance? He does not hold fast to His anger forever Because He delights in lovingkindness.

Ephesians 4-6 - love incorruptible

Unity of the Spirit

Eph 4:1-3 LSB – 

[1] Therefore I, the prisoner in the Lord, exhort you to walk worthy of the calling with which you have been called, 

[2] with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, 

[3] being diligent to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.

Eph 4:4-6 LSB – 

[4] [There is] one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; 

[5] one Lord, one faith, one baptism; 

[6] one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all.

Eph 4:8 LSB – [8] Therefore it says, "WHEN HE ASCENDED ON HIGH, HE LED CAPTIVE A HOST OF CAPTIVES, [And] HE GAVE GIFTS TO MEN."

Psa 68:18 LSB – [18] You have ascended on high,

You have led captive [Your] captives;

You have received gifts among men,

Even [among] the rebellious also, that Yah--God--may dwell [there].

Eph 4:11-16 LSB –
[11] And He Himself gave some [as] apostles, and some [as] prophets, and some [as] evangelists, and some [as] pastors and teachers,
[12] for the equipping of the saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ,
[13] until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the full knowledge of the Son of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature which belongs to the fullness of Christ,
[14] so that we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming,
[15] but speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all [aspects] into Him who is the head, [that is] Christ,
[16] from whom the whole body, being joined and held together by what every joint supplies, according to the properly measured working of each individual part, causes the growth of the body for the building up of itself in love.

Put On the New Man

Eph 4:20-24 LSB –
[20] But you did not learn Christ in this way-- 

[21] if indeed you heard Him and were taught in Him, just as truth is in Jesus, 

[22] to lay aside, in reference to your former conduct, the old man, which is being corrupted in accordance with the lusts of deceit, 

[23] and to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 

[24] and to put on the new man, which in [the likeness of] God has been created in righteousness and holiness of the truth.

Be Imitators of God

Eph 5:1-2 LSB – 

[1] Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children, 

[2] and walk in love, just as Christ also loved us and gave Himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God as a fragrant aroma.

Eph 5:18-21 LSB – 

[18] And do not get drunk with wine, for that is dissipation, but be filled with the Spirit, 

[19] speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody with your heart to the Lord; 

[20] always giving thanks for all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God, even the Father; [21] and being subject to one another in the fear of Christ.

Wives and Husbands

Eph 5:25 LSB – [25] Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave Himself up for her,

Eph 5:33 LSB – [33] Nevertheless, each individual among you also is to love his own wife even as himself, and the wife must [see to it] that she respects her husband.

Children and Parents

Eph 6:4 LSB – [4] Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord.

The Armor of God

Eph 6:10-11 LSB – 

[10] Finally, be strong in the Lord and in the might of His strength. 

[11] Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil.

Eph 6:14-15 LSB – [14] Stand firm therefore, HAVING GIRDED YOUR LOINS WITH TRUTH, and HAVING PUT ON THE BREASTPLATE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, [15] and having shod YOUR FEET WITH THE PREPARATION OF THE GOSPEL OF PEACE.

Isa 11:5 LSB – [5] Also righteousness will be the belt about His loins, And faithfulness the belt about His waist.

 

Isa 59:17 LSB – [17] He put on righteousness like a breastplate, And a helmet of salvation on His head; And He put on garments of vengeance for clothing And wrapped Himself with zeal as a mantle.

 Isa 52:7 LSB – [7] How lovely on the mountains Are the feet of him who proclaims good news, Who announces peace And proclaims good news of good things, Who announces salvation, [And] says to Zion, "Your God reigns!"

Eph 6:16-18 LSB –
[16] In addition to all, having taken up the shield of faith with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one,
[17] also receive THE HELMET OF SALVATION, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God,
[18] praying at all times with all prayer and petition in the Spirit, and to this end, being on the alert with all perseverance and petition for all the saints,

Eph 6:24 LSB – [24] Grace be with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ with incorruptible [love].

 

Ephesians 1-3 - Sovereign Election and Adoption

Spiritual Blessings in Christ

Sovereign Election and Adoption

Eph 1:3-6 LSB – 

[3] Blessed [be] the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly [places] in Christ, 

[4] just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him in love, 

[5] by predestining us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 

[6] to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He graciously bestowed on us in the Beloved.

Redemption through Christ’s Blood

Eph 1:7-10 LSB – 

[7] In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our transgressions, according to the riches of His grace 

[8] which He caused to abound to us in all wisdom and insight, 

[9] making known to us the mystery of His will, according to His good pleasure which He purposed in Him 

[10] for an administration of the fullness of the times, [that is], the summing up of all things in Christ, things in the heavens and things on the earth in Him.

The Sealing of the Holy Spirit

Eph 1:13-14 LSB – 

[13] In Him, you also, after listening to the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation--having also believed, you were sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise, 

[14] who is given as a pledge of our inheritance, unto the redemption of [God's own] possession, to the praise of His glory.

Paul’s Prayer for Knowledge and Cosmic Supremacy of Christ

Eph 1:17-18 LSB – 

[17] that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you [the] Spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the full knowledge of Him, 

[18] so that you--the eyes of your heart having been enlightened--will know what is the hope of His calling, what are the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints,

By Grace Through Faith

Eph 2:1 LSB – [1] And you were dead in your transgressions and sins,

Eph 2:4-7 LSB – 

[4] But God, being rich in mercy because of His great love with which He loved us, 

[5] even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ--by grace you have been saved-- 

[6] and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly [places] in Christ Jesus, 

[7] so that in the ages to come He might show the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.

Eph 2:14-16 LSB – 

[14] For He Himself is our peace, who made both [groups] one and broke down the dividing wall of the partition 

[15] by abolishing in His flesh the enmity, the Law of commandments [contained] in ordinances, so that in Himself He might create the two into one new man, making peace, 

[16] and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, having in Himself put to death the enmity.

Eph 2:19-22 LSB – 

[19] So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and are of God's household, 

[20] having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner [stone], 

[21] in whom the whole building, being joined together, is growing into a holy sanctuary in the Lord, [22] in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of God in the Spirit.

The Mystery of Christ Revealed

Eph 3:4-6 LSB – 

[4] About which, when you read you can understand my insight into the mystery of Christ, 

[5] which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men, as it was now revealed to His holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit: 

[6] that the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel,

Prayer for Spiritual Power

Eph 3:16-19 LSB – 

[16] that He would give you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man, 

[17] so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; [and] that you, being firmly rooted and grounded in love, 

[18] may be able to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, [19] and to know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled up to all the fullness of God.

Hosea 11-14 - out of Egypt I called My son

The Beloved Son

Hos 11:1 LSB – [1] When Israel [was] a youth I loved him, And out of Egypt I called My son.

Mat 2:15 LSB – [15] And he remained there until the death of Herod, in order that what had been spoken by the Lord through the prophet would be fulfilled, saying, "OUT OF EGYPT I CALLED MY SON."

Hos 11:11 LSB – [11] They will come trembling like birds from Egypt And like doves from the land of Assyria; And I will settle them in their houses, declares Yahweh.

Yahweh’s Contention with Judah

Hos 12:5-6 LSB – [5] Even Yahweh, the God of hosts, Yahweh is His [name] of remembrance. 

[6] Therefore, return to your God, Keep lovingkindness and justice, And hope in your God continually.

Ephraim’s Idolatry

Hos 13:14 LSB – 

[14] Shall I ransom them from the power of Sheol? 

Shall I redeem them from death? 

O Death, where are your thorns? 

O Sheol, where is your sting? 

Compassion will be hidden from My sight.

1Co 15:54-57 LSB – 

[54] But when this corruptible puts on the incorruptible, and this mortal puts on immortality, then will come about the word that is written, "DEATH IS SWALLOWED UP in victory. 

[55] "O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR VICTORY? O DEATH, WHERE IS YOUR STING?" 

[56] Now the sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law; 

[57] but thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ!

Yahweh’s Anger Turns Away from Israel

Hos 14:1 LSB – [1] Return, O Israel, to Yahweh your God, For you have stumbled in your iniquity.

Hos 14:4-5 LSB – 

[4] I will heal their turning away [from Me]; I will love them freely, For My anger has turned away from them. 

[5] I will be like the dew to Israel; He will flourish like the lily, And he will take root like [the cedars of] Lebanon.

Hosea 6-10 - like Adam they have trespassed against the covenant

Israel Chastised

Hos 6:1 LSB – [1] "Come, let us return to Yahweh. For He has torn [us], but He will heal us; He has struck [us], but He will bandage us.

Hos 6:3 LSB – [3] "So let us know, let us pursue to know Yahweh. His going forth is established as the dawn; And He will come to us like the rain, Like the late rain watering the earth."

Hos 6:6 LSB – [6] For I delight in lovingkindness rather than sacrifice, And in the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.

Hos 6:7 LSB – [7] But like Adam they have trespassed against the covenant; There they have dealt treacherously against Me.

Job 31:33 LSB – [33] "If I have covered my transgressions like Adam, By hiding my iniquity in my bosom,

Hos 7:10 LSB – [10] So the pride of Israel answers against him,
Yet they have not returned to Yahweh their God,
Nor have they sought Him, for all this.

Hos 7:16 LSB – [16] They turn, [but] not upward;
They are like a deceitful bow;
Their princes will fall by the sword
Because of the indignation of their tongue.
This [will be] their scoffing in the land of Egypt.

Israel Reaps the Whirlwind

Hos 8:1 LSB – [1] [Put] the trumpet to your mouth! Like an eagle [the enemy comes] against the house of Yahweh Because they have trespassed against My covenant And transgressed against My law.

Hos 8:13 LSB – [13] As for My sacrificial gifts, They sacrifice the flesh and eat [it], [But] Yahweh has not accepted them. Now He will remember their iniquity And punish [them] for their sins; They will return to Egypt.

Days of Punishment Have Come

Hos 9:6 LSB – [6] For behold, they will go because of destruction; Egypt will gather them up; Memphis will bury them. Weeds will possess their desirable items of silver; Thorns [will be] in their tents.

Grapes in the Wilderness

Hos 9:17 LSB – [17] My God will despise them Because they have not listened to Him; And they will be those who flee among the nations.

You Have Sinned, O Israel

Hos 10:9 LSB – [9] From the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel; There they stand! Will not the battle against the sons of injustice overtake them in Gibeah?

The Trained Heifer

Hos 10:12 LSB – [12] Sow with a view to righteousness, Reap in accordance with lovingkindness; Break up your fallow ground, Indeed, it is time to seek Yahweh Until He comes and rains righteousness on you.